Modeling of electrical arc on polluted ice surfaces

Abstract

Theoretical basis of electrical arc and modeling -- Electrical discharges -- Process of electrical arc developpment on polluted surfaces -- Mathematical models for polluted surface flashover -- Literature review on ice surface flashover -- Ice accretion on insulators -- Flashover of ice-covered insulators -- Modelling of electrical arc on ice surfaces -- Electrical discharge process on ice -- Experimental conditions and procedures -- Flashover process under direct voltage -- Alternative voltage arc develpment -- Arc radius -- Factors influencing flashover on ice surfaces -- Influence of freezing water conductivity -- Influence of voltage type -- Influence of ice uniformity -- Influence of arcing distance -- Ice surface conductivity and bulk conductivity -- Methods of ice surface conductivity measurements -- Methods of ice bulk conductivity measurements -- Ice surface and bulk temperature measurements -- Results of ice surface conductivity measurements -- Results of bulk-ice conductivity -- Characteristics of flashover arc on ice surfaces -- Arc constant measuring method -- DC arc constatns -- Ac arc constants -- AC arc reignition conditions -- Modeling of flashover on ice surfaces -- DC flashover model -- AC flashover model -- Applications of the model to the cylindrical ice samples -- Applications of the mathematical model to acutal insulator strings -- Application of the mathematical model to short industrial insulator strings -- Application of the mathematical model to long insulator strings.