Experimental Study of Sub-aerial, Submerged and Transitional Granular Slides in Two and Three Dimensions

Landslides are recognized as natural hazards with massive casualties and loss of properties due to their damaging behavior. They usually happen near the mountainous regions (classified as unsubmerged or sub-aerial landslides) or near coastal areas such as oceans, lakes, riverbanks, bays (considered as submarine landslides) that generates destructive tsunami-like waves with high amplitudes. Deformable landslides usually can be regarded as the downward movement of granular material on an inclined and/or flat plane due to their nature. In this regard, in the present study, we experimentally investigate the gravity-driven slide of granular materials for various slope angles, material types, bed roughness, and flow regimes in 2D and 3D experimental setups.