Méthodologie d'évaluation du partage spatiotemporel de la rue

More and more planning documents, in Québec and elsewhere, aim to reallocate street space between the various users of the street, namely pedestrians, cyclists, public transit riders and motorists. Several approaches also aim to restore a balance between the different dimensions of the street: the street as a link, i.e., a space dedicated to mobility, but also the street as a place, i.e., an activity space, as well as the street as a space dedicated to environmental functions. The allocation of street space is the product of a political, administrative and technical arbitration between the various modes and uses of the street, an arbitration underpinned by implicit or explicit principles of justice. In addition, the allocation of urban space is not fixed: it varies according to the time of day, the day of the week and the time of year. However, few evaluation methods and monitoring indicators have been proposed to oversee the realization of public goals in terms of street space reallocation. Even though authorities invest colossal sums in the redevelopment of urban streets, there are still no generalizable measures to study the equitable nature of these reallocation operations and to ensure their fairness or to monitor their evolution over time. A few methods have been proposed, but they depend on surveys carried out in the field or on a manual classification of surfaces using satellite photos. At the present time, there is no systematic method for carrying out the diagnosis of the sharing of street space at a city scale. The equity of street space allocation therefore remains a difficult concept to define, measure and evaluate over time.