FPGA-based Simulation of Grid-tied Converters Using FDNE

This paper introduces a real-time simulation framework for grid-tied converters, implemented on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The framework incorporates a Frequency-Dependent Network Equivalent (FDNE) to reduce the original part of the circuit that is not directly under study into a frequency-dependent admittance model, enabling precise modeling of the power network’s frequency-dependent dynamics while streamlining the onboard simulation and modeling process. The proposed framework is implemented on the Alveo U280 FPGA, achieving sub-microsecond latencies, low resource utilization, and high computational fidelity across various data types, including single-, double-precision, and customized floating-point formats. The numerical test and validation were conducted using a high-voltage power network that includes detailed models of transmission lines, loads, and a Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), etc. Simulation results show strong alignment with reference models developed in the EMTP, achieving faster-than-real-time performance. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution in delivering high-speed, resource-efficient, and scalable real-time simulations, providing a promising approach for testing and validating advanced control strategies in modern power systems.