Erbium-ytterbium co-dopped ion-exchanged waveguide amplifiers

Abstract

Introduction to erbium-doped waveguide amplifiers -- The evolution of optical amplifiers -- Integrated optics and rare earth-doped amplifiers -- Fabrication method -- Theoritical study of erbium-ytterbium co-dopted ion-exchange wave guide amplifiers -- Electronic and optical properties of rare earth ions -- Quenching process for er-doped optical amplifiers -- Host materials for erbium -- Ytterbium co-doping of erbium amplifiers -- Fundamental equations -- The rate equation in Edwa -- Gain definition and calculation -- Erbium-doped waveguide fabrication process -- Glass characteristics and parameters -- Ion-Exchange process -- Slab waveguide fabrication on rare earth doped glasses by ion exchange -- Erbium ytterbium co-doped channel waveguide characterization -- Guiding at 4 different wavelengths -- Loss measurement -- Gain measurement.