Active travel by built environment and lifecycle stage: Case study of Osaka metropolitan area

Active travel can contribute to physical activity achieved over a day. Previous studies have examined active travel associated with trips in various western countries, but few studies have examined this question for the Asian context. Japan has high levels of cycling, walking and public transport, similar to The Netherlands. Most studies have focused either on children or on adults separately, however, having children in a household will change the travel needs and wants of that household. Thus, here a household lifecycle stage approach is applied. Further, unlike many previous studies, the active travel related to public transport is included. Lastly, further to examining whether the built environment has an influence on the accumulation of active travel minutes, a binary logistic regression examines the built environment's influence on the World Health Organization's recommendations of physical activity. The findings suggest that there is a clear distinction between the urbanized centers and the surrounding towns and unurbanized areas. Further, active travel related to public transport trips is larger than pure walking trips. Females and children are more likely to achieve the WHO recommendations. Finally, car ownership is a strong negative influence.

Uncontrolled Keywords

Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/psychology; Automobile Driving/statistics & numerical data; Bicycling/statistics & numerical data; Environment Design; Exercise/*psychology; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Japan; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data; Transportation/statistics & numerical data; Travel/statistics & numerical data; Urban Population/statistics & numerical data; Walking/statistics & numerical data; Young Adult; active travel; built environment; household lifecycle stage