Improving remineralization and manganese-removal of soft waters using a mixed CaCO₃/MgO contactor

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MgO on the long-term operation of a mixed media contactor. Specifically, the simultaneous removal of aqueous manganese and the remineralization of soft waters using pure calcite are limited by a remineralization breakthrough after 600 h of operation in the presence of high Mn concentrations (5 mg Mn/L). The introduction of as little as 5 % (m/m) MgO was able to improve the Mn removal kinetic, while maintaining remineralization objectives over 720 h of operation. After treating elevated concentrations of Mn, both media exhibited a Mn-coated layer which contributed to limiting the mass transfer from the media core to the liquid phase. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) identified this superficial layer as 10 % Mn oxides (MnOx) on MgO media compared to 1.4 % MnOx on calcite, suggesting the MgO acts as the preferred reaction surface during Mn removal. Therefore, it is postulated that in the presence of MgO, Mn removal is impacted by high pH conditions (pH = 10.5) which introduces a significant precipitation mechanism as Mn²⁺ is oxidized. For all the examined conditions, the formation of this coating improved Mn removal due to the autocatalytic nature of the adsorption/oxidation of dissolved manganese by MnOx. MgO is therefore thought to contribute to a complex sorption-coprecipitation process in the operation of a mixed media contactor.

Uncontrolled Keywords

Mn removal, Soft water demineralization, Calcite contactor, Sorption-co-precipitation, Sorption media coating