Miriam L. Diamond, Nilima Gandhi, William J. Adams, John Atherton, Satyendra P. Bhavsar, Cécile Bulle, Peter G. C. Campbell, Alain Dubreuil, Anne Fairbrother, Kevin Farley, Andrew Green, Jeroen Guinee, Michael Z. Hauschild, Mark A. J. Huijbregts, Sébastien Humbert, Karen S. Jensen, Olivier Jolliet, Manuele Margni, James C. McGeer, Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg, Ralph K. Rosenbaum, Dik van de Meent et Martina G. Vijver
Article de revue (2010)
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Libre accès au plein texte de ce document Version officielle de l'éditeur Conditions d'utilisation: Creative Commons: Attribution (CC BY) Télécharger (1MB) |
Abstract
Background, aim, and scope : Task Force 3 of the UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Initiative has been working towards developing scientifically sound methods for quantifying impacts of substances released into the environment. The Clearwater Consensus follows from the Lausanne (Jolliet et al. Int J Life Cycle Assess 11:209–212, 2006) and Apeldoorn (Apeldoorn Int J Life Cycle Assess 9(5):334, 2004) statements by recommending an approach to and identifying further research for quantifying comparative toxicity potentials (CTPs) for ecotoxicological impacts to freshwater receptors from nonferrous metals. The Clearwater Consensus describes stages and considerations for calculating CTPs that address inconsistencies in assumptions and approaches for organic substances and nonferrous metals by focusing on quantifying the bioavailable fraction of a substance.
Methods : A group of specialists in Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Impact Assessment, metal chemistry, and ecotoxicology met to review advances in research on which to base a consensus on recommended methods to calculate CTPs for metals.
Conclusions and recommendations : Consensus was reached on introducing a bioavailability factor (BF) into calculating CTPs where the BF quantifies the fraction of total dissolved chemical that is truly dissolved, assuming that the latter is equivalent to the bioavailable fraction. This approach necessitates calculating the effects factor, based on a HC50EC50, according to the bioavailable fraction of chemical. The Consensus recommended deriving the BF using a geochemical model, specifically WHAM VI. Consensus was also reached on the need to incorporate into fate calculations the speciation, size fractions, and dissolution rates of metal complexes for the fate factor calculation. Consideration was given to the characteristics of the evaluative environment defined by the multimedia model, which is necessary because of the dependence of metal bioavailability on water chemistry.
Mots clés
comparative toxicity potentials; freshwater ecotoxicity, life cycle impact assessment; metal bioavailability; nonferrous metals
Sujet(s): |
1600 Génie industriel > 1600 Génie industriel 2950 Mathématiques appliquées > 2957 Mathématiques de la biologie et de la physiologie |
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Département: | Département de mathématiques et de génie industriel |
URL de PolyPublie: | https://publications.polymtl.ca/4844/ |
Titre de la revue: | International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment (vol. 15, no 2) |
Maison d'édition: | Springer Nature |
DOI: | 10.1007/s11367-009-0140-2 |
URL officielle: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-009-0140-2 |
Date du dépôt: | 16 août 2021 13:36 |
Dernière modification: | 01 oct. 2024 14:30 |
Citer en APA 7: | Diamond, M. L., Gandhi, N., Adams, W. J., Atherton, J., Bhavsar, S. P., Bulle, C., Campbell, P. G. C., Dubreuil, A., Fairbrother, A., Farley, K., Green, A., Guinee, J., Hauschild, M. Z., Huijbregts, M. A. J., Humbert, S., Jensen, K. S., Jolliet, O., Margni, M., McGeer, J. C., ... Vijver, M. G. (2010). The clearwater consensus: the estimation of metal hazard in fresh water. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 15(2), 143-147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-009-0140-2 |
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