Utilisation d'un système ERP pour soutenir la réalisation d'une ACV

Today, information systems like enterprise resource planning (ERP) are widely used by middle and big companies. This thesis will address the problematic pertaining to the data in life cycle assessments (LCA). More precisely, we will study the opportunity to use an ERP system to support a LCA for the efficient retrieval of appropriate data. The aims of this research are multiple. The first one is to present briefly the LCA. Further, we will investigate how an ERP system can help support conducting an LCA. Finally, a methodology designed to support the use of an ERP system to perform an LCA will be developed. The LCA methodology will first broadly be presented. The present shortcomings encountered in LCA are then presented, as well as the specificities of the different kind of data. It is to be pointed out that the availability and the quality of LCA's data is a major difficulty to which no satisfying solution has been proposed to date. In the literature review, the ERP and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) systems have first both briefly been presented. Then, the state-of-the-art of the research in the domain of the integration of these information systems with LCA software have been presented and the different approaches been developed, along with their success factors. Finally, a discussion revealed the shortcomings of these researches. A case study about a manufacturing company allowed a posteriori to confirm that an ERP system is useful to support an LCA, in particular, for the life cycle inventory (LCI) phase. More precisely, an analysis revealed that almost all data required for the production step LCI were contained in the ERP system. For the supplying and distribution steps, some data contained in the ERP system can be useful. Nevertheless, those data will never cover all the information required for an LCI.