Modélisation de l'accessibilité aux parcs: intégration des attributs des destinations et des perceptions, besoins et préférences des individus

In recent years, the increase in the proportion of the population living in urban areas has highlighted the objective, as well as the challenge, for public authorities to make cities inclusive and sustainable. Several strategies have been developed to achieve this objective based on the fields of transport and land use planning. Among these strategies, accessibility to destinations is increasingly seen as an alternative to the transportation planning paradigm that was often focused on the concept of mobility. Parks and green spaces are destinations of interest due to their contribution to the quality of life of individuals in urban areas. Parks are places of various activities as well as spaces for social interactions that contribute to the improvement of mental and physical health. Parks also have many social, economic and environmental benefits. To take advantage of these benefits, the quality of the parks as well as the accessibility to them must be ensured. Considering this context, the thesis aims to model accessibility to parks and green spaces considering the attributes of destinations and the perceptions, preferences and needs of individuals. Along with considering park attributes, it is crucial to understand how these measures relate to different groups of the population. One method to accomplish this is to understand how different groups of the population perceive their access. The literature review showed that few studies consider the park attributes and individuals' perceptions when modeling accessibility to parks despite the fact that the importance of these components has already been proven. The majority of studies have model accessibility using simple measures, the number of accessible parks for example or the surface area of accessible parks.