Green stormwater infrastructure and active mobility: a case study investigating the effects of bioswales on individuals' perceptions

Cities are increasingly designing streets with green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) to improve urban drainage systems, while providing secondary socio-environmental benefits. Yet, the relationship between GSI and active mobility remains underexplored. This study addresses this gap by conducting a case study analyzing the impact of GSI implementation on individuals' perceptions of walking and cycling infrastructure, while identifying associated challenges and opportunities. The case study focuses on the redesign of five residential streets with bioswales in a small Canadian city. Data was collected through (i) an online and in-person survey with 296 residents, (ii) interviews with 12 city planners, residents, or workers, and (iii) two focus groups with children aged 10-11. Findings indicate that bioswales within the right-of-way contributes to enhanced satisfaction with street design for walking and cycling. Bioswales have the potential to improve the comfort and safety of active travellers by reallocating space for pedestrians and cyclists, while segregating non-motorized and motorized traffic. However, satisfaction levels vary significantly among individuals, following personal characteristics and attitudes. Exhibiting eco-friendly behaviour, valuing the aesthetics of the neighbourhood, and recognizing the socio-environmental and active mobility benefits of bioswales positively contribute to satisfaction. Conversely, limiting factors stem from new street configuration changes experienced by car drivers and limited awareness or disregard for socio-environmental benefits they provide. This paper provides insight to planners and researchers regarding the challenges and opportunities associated with designing multifunctional streets to support sustainable urban drainage systems and active mobility.