Investigation of submarine permafrost conditions in the Canadian Beaufort Sea using diving wave tomography

Submarine permafrost in the Canadian Beaufort Sea is relict terrestrial permafrost, which is continuously degrading since the change of thermal conditions induced by a marine transgression that followed the last glaciation. Permafrost degradation has a crucial socio-ecological significance because its thawing can result in geohazards like landslides or an increase in greenhouse gas emissions. These consequences are mostly regulated by the state of ice in permafrost. In this study, we use marine multichannel seismic data to apply a diving wave tomographic inversion on the outer 50 km of the Canadian Beaufort Shelf. Due to the close relationship between seismic velocity and ice content, we are able to infer detailed information about the present submarine permafrost condition. We find a clear variability of permafrost occurrences between the inner and outer Canadian Beaufort Shelf. At the inner shelf, discontinuous ice-bonding permafrost occurs extensively close to the seafloor but is interrupted by taliks. Within the outer ∼27 km of the shelf, ice-bonding permafrost is absent in the upper sediments and its top has plunged to >200 m below sea level. These findings add new details to the current state of the degrading permafrost. In addition, we observe seismic anisotropy in the frozen permafrost sediments.